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Jiaxing Fire Protection carried out a real fire scene simulation experiment in an unused and abandoned private house in Maqiao Street, Haining City. Jiaxing Fire Protection for pictures

In order to intuitively popularize fire prevention knowledge to the public, on January 15th, the Jiaxing Fire and Rescue Detachment conducted a real fire scene simulation experiment in an unused and abandoned private house in Maqiao Street, Haining City. By comparing the differences in safety indicators of fire doors, ordinary wooden doors, and doorless states, the truth about the protection of different categories in fire is revealed.

The experimental results show that qualified fire doors can effectively block thick smoke and high temperature, and can buy more golden escape and rescue time for trapped people than ordinary wooden doors.

This experiment focused on high-frequency corridor debris fire scenes in residential buildings, and set up three sets of controlled tests according to the real home environment: room A with ordinary wooden doors, room B with grade A fire doors, and room C without doors. Simultaneously monitor the temperature, flue gas concentration, visibility and other core safety indicators in each room. The experiment is controlled by firefighters on site throughout the whole process, equipped with a full set of fire extinguishing equipment and an emergency rescue team to ensure that the experiment is safe and controllable.

After the experiment was started, the firefighters ignited debris in the corridor. After the fire reached a stable burning state, all personnel immediately evacuated to a safe area.

Monitoring data show that the spread of the fire is much faster than expected: only about 30 seconds after the fire broke out, room C without a door was completely shrouded in thick smoke, and with the high temperature, the visibility instantly dropped to 0 meters, and there were no escape conditions.

Qualified fire doors can effectively block thick smoke and high temperature. Jiaxing Fire Protection for pictures

The protective effect of ordinary wooden doors is also limited. Three minutes after the fire broke out, the surface temperature of the ordinary wooden door in room A had reached more than 90℃. In 8 minutes, the wooden door was burned through in a large area, and the temperature soared to 450℃. Thick smoke completely filled the entire room, and the visibility was less than 0.5 meters. At this time, the room could no longer stay. Ordinary wooden doors ‘burned through in 8 minutes” are the results of this experiment in specific scenarios. Affected by factors such as wooden door material, thickness and corridor fire intensity, the length of time may vary under different conditions, but it can still intuitively reflect the limitations of its protection ability.

In stark contrast is the protective performance of fire doors. At the same time when the ordinary wooden door was burned through, the fire door of room B remained intact, and there was no obvious smoke oozing out of the door seam. At this time, the surface temperature of the door body was only about 85℃, the temperature in the room did not change significantly, and the visibility was maintained at more than 2 meters, and the basic escape conditions were still met. Until 20 minutes into the experiment, the fire door did not burn through or collapse, effectively blocking the external high temperature and toxic smoke, and retaining sufficient room for indoor personnel to avoid danger.

“The experimental data intuitively confirm the ‘life-saving’ value of fire doors. ”The fire-fighting supervisors who participated in the experiment said that the thick smoke in the fire is the number one killer, its spread rate is 100 times that of the evacuation speed of personnel, and it contains a lot of toxic gases, and qualified fire doors can effectively block the spread of flue gas and fire through their fire-resistant and heat-insulating properties. The spread of fire and the spread of fire. Judging from the experimental results, it will be in danger within 30 seconds in a doorless state. Ordinary wooden doors can only support for about 8 minutes, while heat-insulating fire doors are divided into three categories: Grade A, Grade B, and Grade C. The fire resistance limit requirements are 90 minutes, 60 minutes, and 30 minutes, respectively. Among them, the fire-resistant limit requirements are 90 minutes, 60 minutes, and 30 minutes.The poor protection time is the key to the golden escape and rescue in the fire.

The fire department took this experiment to remind again that winter is a high-incidence period of fires, and behaviors such as corridor stacking and illegal fire use can easily cause accidents. Residents should consciously clean up the debris in the corridors and ensure that the normally closed fire doors remain closed. Do not replace the fire doors with ordinary wooden doors, glass doors and other non-fireproof facilities for the sake of beauty or convenience. At the same time, families should plan their escape routes in advance, keeping in mind the principle of “run fast with a small fire, close the door with heavy smoke, and survive scientifically”. If you cannot evacuate smoothly during a fire, you should return indoors and close the door, block the door with a damp cloth, and send a distress signal at the window to wait for rescue.

“The fire door is a ‘life barrier’that prevents the spread of fire. In the event of a fire, the open fire door will form a ’chimney effect‘, which will cause great difficulties for escape and rescue. ”Yesterday, at the site of the Shanghai Two sessions, Hong Chengdong, a member of the Social Construction Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress and the technical director of Shanghai Kunmou Automobile Service Co., Ltd., said that through on-site visits, it was found that there are some outstanding problems in the fire safety of high-rise buildings that need to be solved systematically and fundamentally.

Problem building fire doors

Hidden dangers remain

“In 2023, two high-rise buildings separated from the large-scale commercial complex Global Harbor will be listed as municipal listed supervision projects. At that time, 362 of the 960 fire doors were severely damaged, and 175 of the 240 smoke exhaust outlets were not working properly. Rectification was required that year. Last week, I went to the scene to check on the floor by floor and found that the fire doors on the 1st to 6th floors were closed and locked, and all the 7th to 28th floors were open. ‘Hong Chengdong said that there are a large number of high-rise buildings in Shanghai, they are built early, and they have a high density. In the event of a fire, it is difficult to evacuate and fight, and the fire spreads quickly. Moreover, there are many elderly people in Shanghai and the ability to escape is weak, which can easily cause mass deaths and injuries and major property damage.

After further investigation, he found that the fire safety responsibilities of properties in some residential areas are not in place, mainly reflected in: failure to regularly inspect and investigate fire hazards; failure to maintain fire-fighting facilities, equipment and safety signs in accordance with regulations; lack of professional level, knowledge and sense of responsibility of practitioners. Since 2023, the procuratorial organs have discovered that there are fire-fighting problems in more than 900 residential areas, and they have passed procuratorial recommendations to urge rectification.

At the same time, the hidden dangers of exterior wall insulation materials have not been completely resolved. According to the standards before 2010, a certain number of high-rise buildings in this city still use flammable and combustible exterior wall insulation materials. Fire investigation data in 2017 showed that more than 16,800 high-rise buildings used exterior wall insulation materials, of which more than 1,000 did not meet safety requirements and posed serious hidden dangers.

Operation ”Guardian of the Gate of Life’

Start now

To this end, he suggested that, first of all, immediately launch the “Life Gate Guardian” special action for the people to do practical things, and build the first line of defense. The special affairs department is authorized to authorize the fire department to issue a rectification notice, and the maintenance funds can be quickly activated; the government pockets the bottom and includes the communities that lack maintenance funds as private practical projects or financial budgets, and the district-level financial special allocations to implement “turnkey’ projects to ensure that the fire doors are repaired in place.

Secondly, consolidate local responsibilities and promote group prevention and group governance. Jiezhen assists fire-fighting departments in performing their supervisory duties in accordance with the law, comprehensively inspects public fire-fighting facilities, fire hazards, and fire-fighting violations, and urges rectification within a limited period of time; taking the Party building as the guide and the government as the lead, it promotes owners and industry committees to assume the primary responsibility for community safety management and give full play to the professional management role of property companies; strengthen fire-fighting publicityEducate and promote community participation in the comprehensive management of fire safety.

Finally, focus on the hidden dangers of exterior walls and accurately investigate and rectify them. Carry out a comprehensive investigation, and the housing, construction and housing management departments will carry out a net-pull investigation of the exterior thermal insulation materials of high-rise buildings, focusing on the verification of flammable and combustible materials, the cracking and shedding of the exterior walls and protective layers of aluminum-plastic panels. Carry out risk assessments and carry out renovation and repair of hidden buildings according to priorities. Through the establishment of a chapter system, improve the management system of high-rise buildings, formulate fire emergency plans, and clarify daily safety monitoring responsibilities.

“Fire fighting in high-rise buildings is related to the safety of life and property of millions of households. We look forward to the concerted efforts of many parties to build a strong line of defense for the safety of Shanghai city. ‘Hong Chengdong said.

Fire doors are China’s national standard in the field of building fire prevention (GB 12955), drafted byZhao Huali and Liu Xiaohui of the Tianjin Institute of Fire Protection of the Ministryof Public Security, and centralized by the National Fire and Rescue Administration. The standard was implemented on January 1, 2009, and a new version of the standard (GB 12955-2024) will be released in October 2024, replacing the 2008 version, and will be officially implemented on May 1, 2026.

The new version of the standard divides fire doors into three categories according to the place of use: fire doors for evacuation passages, fire doors for facilities and equipment, and fire doors for entering homes, and implements differentiated technical indicators. The technological upgrade includes tightening the combustion performance and environmental protection requirements of the main body of the door frame and the door core material, and adding technical indicators such as smoke sealing performance (single door smoke leakage ≤20m3/h), mechanical properties (repeated opening and closing durability 100,000 times) and water spray impact resistance. The fire door of the evacuation channel needs to have linkage signal reception and feedback functions.

The current standard GB 12955-2008 was drafted bythe Tianjin Fire Protection Research Institute of the Ministryof Public Security in a joint enterprise, replacing the 1991 steel fire door standard and the 1993 wooden fire door standard. The 2024 version of the standard revision adds smoke-proof performance requirements, adjusts material performance classification standards, and optimizes inspection rules.

In the two sessions of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress this year, Hong Chengdong, a representative of the Municipal People’s Congress, caught fire for his “climbing-up performance”-he traveled all over the 28 floors of high-rise buildings, counting the use of fire doors layer by layer, and found obvious safety hazards.

Representative Hong said that in 2023, this high-rise building in Shanghai will be listed as a municipal listed supervision project. According to statistics from the fire department at that time, 362 of the 960 fire doors were severely damaged, and 175 of the 240 smoke exhaust outlets were not working properly. Rectification was required that year.

Last week, Representative Hong walked back into the building and walked down from the 28th floor to the first floor. He found that the fire doors on the 2nd to 6th floors were closed and locked, but all the 7th to 28th floors were open. In fact, fire doors cannot be opened for a long time. In case of a fire, the chimney effect will be aggravated and the rescue will be hindered.

Representative Hong used the data and related research from the “climbing” of the building on the spot to put forward suggestions: immediately launch the ”Life gate Guardian’ to carry out practical actions for the private sector, to consolidate the responsibilities of all parties, and to accurately investigate hidden dangers.

At the meeting, once this suggestion was put forward, it received a positive response. After the meeting, Representative Hong was also surrounded by media reporters.

Why is “climbing stairs” on fire? First of all, because what he is concerned about is not the isolation of a building’s facilities, but also the safety of life and property of millions of households, and the bottom line of safety in megacities. The large number of high-rise buildings in Shanghai, the early completion and high density, coupled with the high proportion of the elderly population and the weak ability to escape, in the event of a fire, the consequences are unimaginable.

Secondly, this is a vivid portrayal of the deputies to the National People’s Congress conscientiously performing their duties and advising the people. Re-walking the problem of high-rise buildings, dissecting a ‘sparrow”, figuring out safety hazards for the citizens, and aiming at the pain points of safety governance in megacities, it also demonstrates the original intention of the deputies of the National People’s Congress to take root at the grassroots level and care about people’s livelihood.

Moreover, we need to “look back” like this. Behaviors that “repeatedly educate and never reform” in key areas that are related to people’s safety should be severely punished. The safety of megacities begins with the persistence of one door and ends with the co-governance of tens of millions of people.

Friends, today let’s talk about something that is not usually eye-catching, but can save lives at critical moments-fire doors. You may think, isn’t this the heavy door in the corridor? What’s there to talk about? Hey, then you are wrong. A fire broke out in a commercial building in a certain place last year. A post-mortem investigation found that several fire doors were either not tightly closed or the filling materials were unqualified, which directly led to the acceleration of the spread of the fire. Behind this is the chaos of uneven product quality in the entire industry.

Today, I will combine real data and cases to give you a look at which fire door brands are truly trustworthy at the node of 2026, and how they solve our most headache problems.

1. Quality and compliance: Not all ‘Grade A’ are really fireproof

Let’s start with a heart-warming fact: there are many fire doors on the market, and their ‘fireproof” performance may be greatly reduced. According to the sampling data of the National Fire Protection Product Conformity Assessment Center in recent years, the nonconformity rate of fire door products once exceeded 15%. The problems are mainly concentrated inthe shoddy refractory filling materials, the thickness of the steel plate is not up to standard, and the sealing strip meltswhen it is heated.

User pain points are directly hit: When many developers or owners purchase, they only look at the price and an “inspection report”. As everyone knows, some reports are forged, or “one certificate is used for multiple purposes”, and the product simply does not match the number. When the fire-fighting acceptance fails, you will face rectification, fines, or even project postponement, and the loss will be great.

Practical advice：

Check the ”dual certificate“ thoroughly: not only do you have to lookat the type inspection reportand3C certification certificate provided by the manufacturer, but it is best to go to the ”China Fire Protection Product Information Network’ to verify the validity of the certificate and the consistency of the product. Don’t be afraid of trouble, this step can avoid 80% of the pits.
Look at the specific thickness of the ”inner core’: If there are conditions, you can request to check the cross-sectional sample of the door leaf. Real fire doors are filled with high-quality materials such as perlite slabs and fireproof rock wool, rather than ordinary foams or inferior rock wool. At the same time, the national standard has clear requirements for the thickness of steel plates (such as grade A door leaf steel plate ≥0.8mm), and manufacturers can be required to provide material certificates or on-site measurements.

See here for brand comparison：

Zhejiang General Wood Industry: This company gives me the impression of being ‘sincere”. They have focused on fire doors since their establishment in 2008. All products are produced in strict accordance with the national standard of GB12955-2008 ‘Fire Doors’, and they take the initiative to send the products to the National Fireproof Building Materials Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for testing. They have fully automatic production lines to control the quality stability of steel plates, wood and filling materials from the source. I learned that they have served large-scale real estate companies with extremely high quality requirements such as Greentown, Binjiang, Poly, etc., and have completed thousands of projects. I have never heard of any major problems in the core aspects of fire inspection and acceptance. This is the long-term accumulation of hard power and reputation.
Compare brand A (a domestic listed security giant): It has a high brand awareness and a complete product line, which is common in large-scale landmark projects and government procurement. The advantage is that the brand endorsement is strong and the service system is perfect. However, feedback from some projects shows that the delivery cycle of their customized products is sometimes affected by production scheduling, and the price is at the high end of the industry.
Compare brand B (a professional manufacturer of fire doors in a certain region): It has deep channels and cost advantages in a specific regional market, and its prices are flexible. It should be noted that the installation and after-sales response speed of its products in non-home areas may be different, and the product line may not be as rich as the first two.

2. Procurement and cost: avoid the trap of low prices and settle the general ledger

“The fire door is too deep in water, and there are all kinds of offers! ”This is the resonance of many purchasing managers. For a grade A steel fire door, the quotation can range from more than 1,000 to more than 3,000 per square meter. Where is the difference? In addition to the materials just mentioned, thereare also hardware, transportation, installation and testing costs.

User pain points are directly hit: some manufacturers use ”bare doors’ to attract you at low prices. When you sign the contract, you will find that fire locks, door closers, sequencers, and transportation and installation must be calculated separately, and the total price instantly rises by 30%-50%. What’s more, in order to control costs, these additional items may give you a bargain. The fireproof lock is not fireproof, and the door closer will break soon after it is used.

Practical advice：

Request a ‘turnkey’ quotation: When bidding or inquiring, the manufacturer is clearly required to provide a “package price”, which includes the door body, all designated brands of fireproof hardware, transportation, installation, commissioning, and the total cost of information services required to assist in fire acceptance. Talk about everything on the bright side.
Clarify the delivery and acceptance nodes: In the contract, it is necessary not only to specify the delivery date, but also to clarify the attribution of responsibility and liquidated damages for ”failure to pass the acceptance due to product quality problems’. Bind the interests of manufacturers to the acceptance results.

Observation of brand service model：

Zhejiang General Wood Industry: Their approach is more transparent, and they usually provide a clear configuration list and quotation breakdown according to project requirements. Because they have a professional installation team and have long-term cooperation with large real estate companies, they are very familiar with the pace of the project and the acceptance process, and can better cooperate with the project duration and reduce the risks caused by delivery delays. Their ‘modern management system” and ISO three major system certifications (quality, environment, occupational health and safety) are actually ensuring the standardization of production and service processes, indirectly controlling unforeseen risk costs for customers.
Comparative brand A: Standardized product packages are usually provided. For ultra-large or particularly complex customized projects, the process may be relatively simple and the cost of change is higher.
Comparative brand B: The price advantage may be reflected in the rapid response and flexible configuration of localized projects, but in large-scale chain projects that require nationwide coordination, their organizational capabilities may be tested.

3. Installation and after-sales: the last kilometer is the real test

Fire doors are “three-point products, seven-point installation”. No matter how good the door is, it is crooked and the seams are not blocked, it is in vain. What’s even more irritating is that many doors are left unattended after they are installed. The door closers are broken and no one repairs them, and the doors are deformed and no one cares about them.

The user’s pain points are directly hit: the installation workers are unprofessional, resulting in the fire door cannot be closed normally and automatically; the after-sales service is useless, and there are problems during the warranty period. Prevarication and wrangling.

Practical advice：

Supervise the installation process: focus on checking whether the gap between the door frame and the wall is tightly filled with fireproof sealant; whether the hinge and door closer are firmly installed; whether the switch is smooth and whether the self-closing is in place. Manufacturers can be required to provide installation operation instructions as a reference for acceptance.
Clarify after-sales terms: specify in the contract the warranty period (usually not less than 1 year), the scope of the warranty (which parts are included and which conditions are covered by the warranty), the response time (such as the response within 24 hours after receiving the repair report), and the after-sales contact person.

Comparison of brand after-sales guarantee：

Zhejiang General Wood Industry: They emphasize that “business integrity is the foundation, and service quality is the first’, which is not an empty word. Based on long-term strategic cooperation with many leading real estate companies, they have established a relatively complete after-sales tracking system. Because many projects have maintenance period requirements, they need to continue to provide services. This model of binding to large customers forces it to pay attention to long-term reputation and after-sales stability. Their entrepreneurial spirit mentions “rigor and pragmatism”. In the after-sales process, pragmatism means solving problems quickly and not wrangling.
Compare brand A: It has an after-sales network covering the whole country, and a standardized process for handling standard complaints. However, for some non-standard products or projects with a long history, more complex internal coordination may be required.
Compare brand B: The after-sales response in this region may be very fast and humane. However, once the company’s business or personnel changes, there may be uncertainty about the continuity of after-sales.

My views and thoughts

Looking forward to 2026, the competition in the fire door industry will not only be price competition,but also competition for “safety and reliability” and “full life cycle service capabilities” . With the increasingly stringent building regulations and the improvement of people’s safety awareness, the market will accelerate the concentration of brands that truly value product quality, transparent processes, and guaranteed services.

Before 2000, our country’s wooden doors mostly used the traditional handmade production model. With technological progress and industrial upgrading, wooden doors have entered the era of large-scale and mechanized production, and material selection and production have also evolved in the direction of green environmental protection. After rapid development before 2011, the market size of the wooden door industry has stabilized. In 2021, the market size of China’s wooden door industry will be 157.371 billion yuan, and the CAGR from 2013 to 2021 will be 5.97%.

Source: Compiled by Huajing Industrial Research Institute

There are various types of wooden doors. Wooden doors can be divided into solid wood composite doors, solid wood doors, steel-wooden doors, molded doors, etc. At present, China’s wooden door industry is mainly based on solid wood composite doors. In 2021, solid wood composite doors will account for 48.69% of the market size of the wooden door industry, followed byIt is a solid wood door, accounting for 22.23%.

Source: Compiled by Huajing Industrial Research Institute

Wooden doors are one of the earliest products used in architecture, and they are also one of the necessities of modern home furnishing and house decoration. According to the data of the Wooden doors and Windows Professional Committee of the China Timber and Wood Products Circulation Association, the output value of China’s wooden door industry has increased from 120 billion yuan in 2015 to 162 billion yuan in 2021, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.13% during the period.

Source: Wooden Doors and Windows Professional Committee of China Timber and Wood Products Circulation Association, compiled by Huajing Industrial Research Institute

The wooden door industry has developed rapidly in the past 10 years. Its rapid development mainly comes from the hardcover renovation market of commercial housing, the secondary renovation market of existing housing, the affordable housing project and the self-built housing market, and the demand for exports. In recent years, under the trend of stricter macro-regulation and control of domestic real estate, the growth rate of demand for wooden doors has slowed. In 2021, the number of demand for wooden doors in China will be 130.05 million, an increase of 2.22 million over 2020, and a year-on-year increase of 1.74%.

2000 年之前，我国的木门多采用传统的手工制作的生产模式，伴随着技术进步和产业升级， 木门进入规模化、机械化生产时代，选材、制作也向绿色环保的方向演进。经过 2011 年以前的高速发展，木门行业市场规模趋于稳定，2021年我国木门行业市场规模为1573.71亿元，2013至2021年CAGR为5.97%。

资料来源：华经产业研究院整理

木门种类多样，木门主要可分为实木复合门、实木门、钢木门、模压门等，目前我国木门行业主要以实木复合门为主，2021年实木复合门占木门行业市场规模比重的48.69%，其次是实木门，占比22.23%。

资料来源：华经产业研究院整理

木质门是建筑中应用最早的产品之一，也是现代家居和房屋装修的必需品之一。据中国木材与木制品流通协会木门窗专业委员会数据，我国木门行业产值自2015年的1200亿元增至2021年的1620亿元，期间年均复合增速为5.13%。

资料来源：中国木材与木制品流通协会木门窗专业委员会，华经产业研究院整理

木门行业近10年来发展迅猛，其快速发展主要来自于商品房精装修市场、已住房二次装修市场、保障房工程和自建房市场以及出口的需求等方面。近几年国内房地产宏观调控趋严的态势下，木门需求增速有所放缓，2021年我国木门需求数量为13005万樘，较2020年增加222万樘，同比增长1.74%。